The Psychology Square

From the Practice

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Grounded, clinically-reviewed writing on anxiety, depression, ADHD, trauma, relationships, and more — no generic advice.

Every article here is written or reviewed by a clinical psychologist at The Psychology Square, drawing on real clinical training rather than generic wellness content. Below you'll find 51 articles across 10 topic areas — use the search and filters to find what's relevant, or browse by topic:

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online-therapy-session

Is Online Therapy Effective? Here is What the Research Shows

Is online therapy effective? Find out what research says and compare it to in-person sessions, and what to expect from a video call session.

woman with depression

Deal with Depression: What Helps and When to Get Support

What depression actually feels like, why 'just cheer up' doesn't work, and practical evidence based steps to manage it while deciding whether to seek therapy in Lahore.

a woman with anxiety attack

Dealing with Anxiety: Practical Steps and When to Seek Help

Learn how to manage anxiety in an evidence-backed way day to day, and how to know when it's time to bring in professional support.

person taking online therapy

8 Signs You Need Therapy: How to Know It's Time to Book a Session

Seeking therapy does not indicate weakness. Here are the 8 signs that point to therapy, and how to take the next steps.

person-taking-therapy

Finding a Therapist in Lahore: What Actually Matters When You're Choosing

Choose the best therapist in Lahore for individual and couples therapy. Find out everything you should look for in a professionial tehrapist.

a close up of a human brain on a white background

Why Your Lizard Brain is a Myth and How Your Brain Actually Works

Examine why modern evolutionary neuroscience disproves the 70-year-old lizard brain myth and offers a new view of integrated neural circuits.

A woman reading a book on a couch

Your Indoor Air Quality Can Affect Your Executive Function

Discover how improving indoor air quality with HEPA filtration enhances executive function and processing speed by reducing neuroinflammation.

A person in a beanie and sweater sitting on a rock by the water

How Depression Disrupts Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis

Explore the connection between major depression and adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus, and how disrupted neuron growth impacts neuroplasticity.

a person sitting on top of a cliff next to a forest

How Prolonged Exhalation Influences Risk Taking

Discover how prolonged exhalation influences decision making and risk taking by altering autonomic nervous system activity and neural cognitive processing.

a man sleeping on a bed next to a stack of books

Sleep Duration and Aging: How 7–8 Hours Protects Your Cells

Discover how sleep duration impacts cellular aging. Research reveals a U-shaped link where both short and long sleep accelerate aging, with 7–8 hours as optimal.

A black and white photo of a brain

Widespread Synapse Loss Maps Schizophrenia Brain Connectivity

Brain scans reveal widespread synapse loss in schizophrenia, especially on the left side, offering new insight into the disorder's biology.

Nervous Tissue: Spinal Cord Motor Neuron

APOE4 Gene Shrinks Brain Cells Long Before Alzheimer’s Symptoms

Study finds APOE4 gene causes brain cell shrinkage long before Alzheimer’s symptoms, highlighting a potential early-intervention window.

A man and a woman in grey shirts pointing fingers at each other

Irregular Work Hours Raise Likelihood of Relationship Breakups

A new study links irregular work schedules to a higher risk of romantic breakups, driven by added stress and reduced time for intimacy.

Neural Pathways Representation

Neural Patterns Differ Between Slightly Varied Political Views

fMRI scans show even small differences in political views correspond to distinct brain activity patterns, shedding light on how we process ideology.

orange and white plastic bottle on white textile

Probiotic Supplement Reduces Depression and Anxiety in Seniors

A clinical trial finds a daily probiotic supplement lowered depression and anxiety symptoms in older adults, highlighting the gut-brain connection.

Anesthesia Reveals Unexpected Levels of Brain Activity and Consciousness

Anesthesia Reveals Unexpected Levels of Brain Activity and Consciousness

Study finds significant brain activity persists under general anesthesia, challenging assumptions about unconsciousness and informing medical practice.

pregnant woman cradling her belly

How a Second Pregnancy Reshapes the Maternal Brain

Brain scans reveal a second pregnancy reshapes the maternal brain differently than a first, offering new clues about postpartum mental health.

a black and white photo of various mri images

Restoring Sleep in Alzheimer’s Without Clearing Plaques: New Findings

New research shows targeting brain immune cells, not amyloid plaques, can restore disrupted sleep in Alzheimer's models — a different treatment angle.

a toy figure on a table

Laxative Drug Shows Promise in Alleviating Depression-Related Brain Fog

A widely used constipation medication may reduce depression-related brain fog, pointing to a new gut-brain approach for treating cognitive symptoms.

daily-routine

Consistent Daily Schedules Reduce Pain and Depression in Older Adults with Insomnia

A new study finds older adults with insomnia who kept consistent daily schedules reported less pain and fewer depressive symptoms over time.

Targeting a Tiny Amygdala Circuit Reverses Anxiety in Mice

Targeting a Tiny Amygdala Circuit Reverses Anxiety in Mice

Correcting activity in a specific amygdala circuit eliminated anxiety behaviors in mice, opening a potential new pathway for anxiety treatment.

woman doing intensive training exercise

Intensive Training Reshapes the Brain to Enable True Multitasking

New research shows intensive training reorganizes brain networks enough to enable genuine multitasking, challenging long-standing limits on attention.

old-man-with-alzheimer

Blocking a Newly Identified Protein Halts Alzheimer’s Damage in Mice

Researchers identify a protein that fuels Alzheimer’s and develop a blocker that stops brain damage in mice, offering a potential new therapeutic path.

Creatine powder setup for daily fitness routine.

Creatine Supplementation Shows Promise as an Adjunct Treatment for Depression

A clinical trial finds creatine supplementation reduced depressive symptoms, suggesting a low-risk option to pair with standard depression treatment.

brain-scan-image

The Brain Begins Deciding Before You’re Aware, New Study Shows

New research shows the brain initiates decision-making before we're consciously aware of choosing, reshaping how scientists understand free will.

shadow of woman on bed

Why One Gene Makes Bad Sleep a Nightmare for Your Brain

A specific gene links poor sleep to higher Alzheimer's risk, according to new research — plus simple sleep habits that may help protect your brain.

A wireframe human brain with purple and green highlights on a light background

Mini Brains in a Dish: The Future of Alzheimer’s Drug Testing

Scientists are using lab-grown 'mini brains' to predict which Alzheimer's treatments work best, paving the way for more personalized medicine.

How the Mediterranean Diet Powers Tiny Brain‑Protecting Proteins

How the Mediterranean Diet Powers Tiny Brain‑Protecting Proteins

The Mediterranean diet triggers tiny brain-protecting proteins tied to mitochondrial health — here's the science and practical ways to eat for it.

Binge‑Watching Could Be Shrinking Your Brain: The Midlife TV Effect

Binge‑Watching Could Be Shrinking Your Brain: The Midlife TV Effect

Heavy TV watching in midlife is linked to brain shrinkage; discover which regions are affected, safe screen-time limits, and brain-friendly habits to adopt now.

How Rewriting Childhood Memories Can Crush Your Fear of Failure

How Rewriting Childhood Memories Can Crush Your Fear of Failure

A new therapy technique helped participants lower their fear of failure by reshaping how they recall critical childhood memories — here's how it works.

ai brain simulation representation

Your Brain’s Age: How AI Can Spot Early Signs of Decline

AI analysis of sleep EEG patterns can detect accelerated brain aging, offering an early warning sign for dementia and steps to help protect your brain.

white and brown biplane on snow-covered field

Isolation on Ice: What Antarctica Teaches Us About Surviving on Mars

A 10-month Antarctic study reveals the psychological toll of extreme isolation — and what it means for future long-duration Mars missions.

man in white crew neck shirt wearing black sunglasses

Half of Dementia Could Be Prevented—Here’s How Lifestyle Choices Matter

Smoking, high blood pressure, and heart disease are among 14 modifiable risk factors that could prevent nearly half of dementia cases, researchers say.

man in blue shirt sleeping

Sleep Revolution: How a Breakthrough Patch Can Transform Your Rest

A new wearable ultrasound patch increased REM sleep without drugs or surgery in early trials — a potential breakthrough for sleep disorder treatment.

man in black knit cap holding clear glass mug

The Hidden Danger of Drinking to Cope: How It Can Rewire Your Brain

Using alcohol to cope with stress can permanently alter brain circuits tied to craving and self-control, raising long-term dependence risk.

person with parkisnson disease

Unlocking the Secret to Parkinson's Treatment: The Hidden Brain Rhythm

Researchers identify a specific brain rhythm that could make Parkinson's treatment more precise, offering hope for better long-term symptom control.

a close up of a human brain on a black background

The Surprising Way Stress Could Actually Help Your Brain Heal

A stress hormone once blamed for brain damage may actually aid recovery after injury, challenging long-held views on stress and brain health.

people watching baseball

How Sports Fandom Affects Your Brain and Body

Watching live sports synchronizes fans' heart rates and releases oxytocin, research shows — the neuroscience behind why fandom feels so personal.

woman sleeping on bed under blankets

Can THC Be the Answer to PTSD Nightmares?

THC medication reduced PTSD nightmare symptoms in over a third of patients in a new trial — here's what the research found and who it may help.

iridescent brain render on blue purple background

The Hidden Craving Center: How Ozempic Could Revolutionize Addiction Treatment

Research suggests Ozempic may quiet the brain's craving center, pointing to a possible new treatment avenue for addiction alongside diabetes care.

a close up of a human brain on a black background

Lost in Stress: How Anxiety Affects Our Brain's Navigation System

New research shows chronic stress and anxiety impair the brain's internal GPS, explaining why anxious people can feel disoriented in familiar places.

woman in orange tank top and black skirt sitting on bed

The Hidden Risk of Morning Cannabis Use

Regular cannabis use is linked to elevated morning cortisol and disrupted stress rhythms, according to new research on daily users' hormone patterns.

psychedelic experience

The Lasting Impact of Psychedelics: How Magic Mushrooms Can Change Your Brain

Neuroimaging research shows psilocybin, the active compound in magic mushrooms, can produce brain changes that persist well after the trip ends.

psychopathy

The Reward Glitch: Why Psychopaths Have a 10% Larger 'Craving Center' in Their Brains

Neuroimaging studies find psychopathic traits are linked to an enlarged reward-processing region, reshaping how researchers understand psychopathy.

represntativeness-heuristic

The Representativeness Heuristic: Definition, Examples, and Why It Matters

Learn what the representativeness heuristic is, how it leads to flawed judgments, and real-world examples of this common cognitive bias.

availability heuristic

The Availability Heuristic: How Your Mind Tricks You Into Bad Decisions

Learn how the availability heuristic distorts risk perception and leads to bad decisions about health, money, and safety — with real-world examples.

a person taking online therapy

10 Tips for Making the Most of Online Therapy Sessions | Teletherapy Guide

Discover 10 practical tips for getting the most out of online therapy sessions — from privacy setup to building open communication with your therapist.

a woman experiencing stress while working on a laptop

Cognitive Models of Stress & Psychopathology: REBT, Beck's Theory & CBT Techniques

A clear breakdown of REBT, Beck's cognitive theory, and CBT techniques — how each model explains stress and psychopathology, with practical applications.

Understanding the GARS-3: A Screening Tool for Autism Spectrum Disorder

Understanding the GARS-3: A Screening Tool for Autism Spectrum Disorder

How the Gilliam Autism Rating Scale (GARS-3) works, what its subscales measure, and what the results can — and can't — tell you about a diagnosis.

Cost-Benefit Analysis: The Psychology Square's Guide to Deciphering Decision-Making

Cost-Benefit Analysis: The Psychology Square's Guide to Deciphering Decision-Making

Learn how to use a cost-benefit analysis to weigh options clearly and make better personal or professional decisions — plus a free printable worksheet.

A person having anxiety

Understanding Anxiety: Symptoms, Disorders, and Effective Coping Mechanisms

A clinical psychologist's guide to anxiety symptoms, common disorders, and evidence-based coping strategies you can start using today.